The creation of an erection is an extremely complicated
cascade of events that requires many different
things to happen. There are numerous chemical
transmitters involved in this including epinephrine,
norepinephrine, acetylcholine, prostaglandins
and nitric oxide. The exact mechanism by which
erection occurs is still unclear but we do know
that the neural input from the brain is extremely
important. Reflex erections, as seen in people
with cord damage such as paraplegics, are often
poor erections and not sustainable for prolonged
periods of intercourse.
An erection occurs when the nervous system activates
a rapid increase in blood flow. The vascular muscle
in the spongy area becomes engorged with blood
and the outflow of blood is cut off. An erection
can occur as a reflex as we see in spinal cord
patients, or can be caused by psychogenic (originating
in the mind) stimulation. Numerous sexual stimuli
are processed by the brain and transmitted to
the penis via the nervous system.
In order to increase the size of an erection,
there must be an increase in blood flow and, at
the same time, the blood has to be prevented from
leaving the penis.
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